Most of us know about the “fight or flight” response, the body’s built-in survival instinct. But that framework leaves out ...

Fight or flight are not the only common responses to a traumatic event. I addressed this a bit in a column published on November 22, 2022 explaining that some authors describe “4 F’s”: fight, flight, ...

When you're stuck in survival mode but your actions aren't Functional freeze is when someone goes into autopilot as a response to chronic stress and trauma. Unlike other trauma responses, someone in ...

For a long time, trauma responses were thought to be limited to just fight or flight. However, psychotherapist Pete Walker (2014) expanded this framework to include four primary trauma responses, the ...